Trace a term to its evidence.
A curated cross-reference of ancient places, people, materials and documentary language, with separate source roles.
Search the connection, not an invented equivalence. A tablet line is an edited inscription reference; an object-level link is catalogue context; a Bible reading is primary for what Scripture states. The index does not merge people or campaigns just because similar words appear.
Every case-level link opens the original object study, with direct line anchors where a cited excerpt is present. Published editions and biblical passages remain accessible. The relationships are selected by editors rather than generated by unrestricted keyword matching. Review the name and identity register before equating similar names.
Browse the terms.
25 terms / 32 cited object relationships / 11 biblical comparison routes
Showing all 25 curated terms.
- place
Aššur
Also indexed as: Assur, Ashur
The city recorded as the findspot of several Middle Assyrian administrative objects; distinguish a documented excavation location from the wider biblical name Asshur.
Object and line references (3)
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple accountObject-level record
KAJ 247 is catalogued from the M 09 archive at Aššur; this is an archaeological findspot association.
Edition: KAJ 247 / CDLI P282259 / Source publication - KAJ 233: barley for a service horseObject-level record
KAJ 233 is catalogued from Aššur, also in the M 09 archive.
Edition: KAJ 233 / KAV 207 / CDLI P282245 / Source publication - KAJ 118: forty sacks of palace strawObject-level record
KAJ 118 has an Aššur archive excavation label.
Edition: KAJ 118 / CDLI P282131 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (1)
- Genesis 10:11-12Biblical text / different source genre
Genesis refers to Asshur and cities in a different ancient literary setting; this is not an archaeological findspot record.
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple accountObject-level record
- place
Šibaniba (Tell Billa)
Also indexed as: Tell Billa, Shibaniba
A named provincial archive site, securely distinguished from the capital and its differently organised administrative records.
Object and line references (1)
- Billa 30: barley obligations at ShibanibaObject-level record
Billa 30 is attributed to the Aššur-kašid archive at Šibaniba.
Edition: Billa 30 / CDLI P282711 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- Billa 30: barley obligations at ShibanibaObject-level record
- place
Nineveh
The Assyrian centre named in biblical prophecy and in a later Babylonian chronicle, with separate copy and event dates.
Object and line references (1)
- BM 21901: the Chronicle of Nineveh's fallObject-level record
The chronicle refers to the fall of Nineveh; its surviving physical copy was made later.
Edition: Babylonian Chronicle, Gadd 1923 edition cited in the BM catalogue / Source publication
Research chapters (3)
Biblical reading (2)
- Nahum 1:1Biblical text / different source genre
Nahum opens with a prophetic oracle concerning Nineveh, not a military diary.
- Zephaniah 2:13-15Biblical text / different source genre
Zephaniah includes a prophetic statement concerning Assyria and Nineveh.
- BM 21901: the Chronicle of Nineveh's fallObject-level record
- institution
Palace administration
Also indexed as: palace, storehouse
Official records describe how goods and personnel were assigned through palace offices, not a complete economic census.
Object and line references (3)
- KAJ 118: forty sacks of palace straw / Obverse 1Edited line
The straw opening connects a commodity quantity to a palace administrative receipt.
Edition: KAJ 118 / CDLI P282131 / Source publication - MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostageObject-level record
This palace document records footwear and an individual identified by a status term.
Edition: MARV 10, 07 / StAT 5, 07 / CDLI P282957 / Source publication - Billa 30: barley obligations at ShibanibaObject-level record
The provincial account associates barley and palace obligations.
Edition: Billa 30 / CDLI P282711 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 118: forty sacks of palace straw / Obverse 1Edited line
- institution
Temple setting
Also indexed as: temple
A cuneiform text identifies an institutional temple context while leaving the personal beliefs of its listed participants unrecorded.
Object and line references (1)
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Obverse 5Edited line
The edited line includes a temple logogram.
Edition: KAJ 247 / CDLI P282259 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Obverse 5Edited line
- material
Barley
Also indexed as: grain, ŠE
Barley appears in several separate Middle Assyrian administrative receipts; their different dates and people must not be collapsed into one event.
Object and line references (3)
- KAJ 233: barley for a service horse / Obverse 1Edited line
Barley is expressed with ancient capacity signs in this single horse-provisioning record.
Edition: KAJ 233 / KAV 207 / CDLI P282245 / Source publication - MARV 1, 12: ten days of guard rations / Obverse 1Edited line
The opening quantity belongs to a city-guard provision account.
Edition: MARV 1, 12 / VS 19, 12 / CDLI P281896 / Source publication - Billa 30: barley obligations at Shibaniba / Obverse 1Edited line
A provincial receipt records a separate barley quantity.
Edition: Billa 30 / CDLI P282711 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 233: barley for a service horse / Obverse 1Edited line
- material
Straw
Also indexed as: IN.NU
A specific record of palace straw, not proof of region-wide agricultural yields or delivery outcomes.
Object and line references (1)
- KAJ 118: forty sacks of palace straw / Obverse 1Edited line
The edition records forty sacks associated with straw.
Edition: KAJ 118 / CDLI P282131 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 118: forty sacks of palace straw / Obverse 1Edited line
- material
Lead
Also indexed as: AN.NA
An ancient measure of lead is linked to a house-related obligation; no modern valuation is inferred.
Object and line references (1)
- KAJ 144: lead and a house transaction / Obverse 2Edited line
The tablet begins a legal-economic statement with a lead measure.
Edition: KAJ 144 / CDLI P282157 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 144: lead and a house transaction / Obverse 2Edited line
- practice
Service horse
Also indexed as: horse
A documented equine barley provision, not a count of the cavalry or a reconstruction of a horse's diet.
Object and line references (1)
- KAJ 233: barley for a service horse / Obverse 1Edited line
The associated passage concerns barley supplied for a service horse.
Edition: KAJ 233 / KAV 207 / CDLI P282245 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 233: barley for a service horse / Obverse 1Edited line
- material
Palace footwear
Also indexed as: shoes
A recorded pair of shoes illustrates administrative distribution and its limits when used to reconstruct an individual's story.
Object and line references (1)
- MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostageObject-level record
The receipt concerns footwear from a palace context.
Edition: MARV 10, 07 / StAT 5, 07 / CDLI P282957 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostageObject-level record
- practice
Guard provisioning
Also indexed as: guards, ten-day rations
A ten-day allocation lists different guard groups, without documenting actual food consumption or an annual ration.
Object and line references (1)
- MARV 1, 12: ten days of guard rations / Reverse 14Edited line
The published line refers to a ten-day allocation.
Edition: MARV 1, 12 / VS 19, 12 / CDLI P281896 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- MARV 1, 12: ten days of guard rations / Reverse 14Edited line
- practice
House transaction
Also indexed as: house sale, property
A house sale and lead obligation are connected in a particular tablet; ownership history and the result remain unknown.
Object and line references (1)
- KAJ 144: lead and a house transaction / Obverse 11Edited line
The published obverse clause refers to a house sale, but its later legal outcome is not established.
Edition: KAJ 144 / CDLI P282157 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 144: lead and a house transaction / Obverse 11Edited line
- material
Seal impressions
Also indexed as: cylinder seals, sealing
A physical tablet has two cylinder-seal impressions, while other edited receipts contain seal notation; no unverified identity is supplied.
Object and line references (2)
- The Met 62.85.3: a sealed administrative tabletObject-level record
The Met catalogues two cylinder-seal impressions, without a verified line edition.
Edition: The Met collection record 325514; no line edition verified for this study / Source publication - KAJ 233: barley for a service horseObject-level record
This receipt includes a seal notation, without identifying a new signer here.
Edition: KAJ 233 / KAV 207 / CDLI P282245 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- The Met 62.85.3: a sealed administrative tabletObject-level record
- practice
Workers in accounts
Also indexed as: workers, labour, personnel
Institutional lists record labour or guard categories; a single label does not establish freedom, remuneration or personal identity.
Object and line references (2)
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Obverse 1Edited line
The editor qualifies the term used for the twenty-two people.
Edition: KAJ 247 / CDLI P282259 / Source publication - MARV 1, 12: ten days of guard rationsObject-level record
The separate guard allocation names several personnel groups.
Edition: MARV 1, 12 / VS 19, 12 / CDLI P281896 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Obverse 1Edited line
- practice
Hostage status
One edited Middle Assyrian footwear record labels a recipient with a status term; it does not reveal the person's full circumstances.
Object and line references (1)
- MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostageObject-level record
The linked edition describes the recipient as a hostage.
Edition: MARV 10, 07 / StAT 5, 07 / CDLI P282957 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostageObject-level record
- person
Niri-šaldi
Also indexed as: Niri-shaldi
A personal name appears in a specific damaged tablet line; no biography or unverified identity is inferred.
Object and line references (1)
- MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostage / Obverse 5Edited line
The edition gives the recipient's name, partly affected by damage.
Edition: MARV 10, 07 / StAT 5, 07 / CDLI P282957 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostage / Obverse 5Edited line
- practice
Eponym dating
Also indexed as: limu, eponym, dating formula
Middle Assyrian dates can include an eponym and month/day formula; absolute BCE conversion requires separate chronology.
Object and line references (3)
- KAJ 233: barley for a service horse / Reverse 7Edited line
A month and day appear beside a following eponym name.
Edition: KAJ 233 / KAV 207 / CDLI P282245 / Source publication - MARV 1, 12: ten days of guard rationsObject-level record
The case records an eponym date elsewhere in the tablet.
Edition: MARV 1, 12 / VS 19, 12 / CDLI P281896 / Source publication - KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Top edge 12Edited line
The eponym marker is explicitly restored in the edition.
Edition: KAJ 247 / CDLI P282259 / Source publication
Research chapters (1)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 233: barley for a service horse / Reverse 7Edited line
- textual method
Damaged and restored signs
Also indexed as: restoration, uncertain signs, broken tablet
Brackets, damaged-sign marks and unidentified signs preserve the limits of an editor's reading.
Object and line references (3)
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Top edge 12Edited line
Square brackets identify a restored marker, not intact signs.
Edition: KAJ 247 / CDLI P282259 / Source publication - Billa 30: barley obligations at Shibaniba / Reverse 10Edited line
The editor leaves a name partly lost or unreadable.
Edition: Billa 30 / CDLI P282711 / Source publication - KAJ 118: forty sacks of palace straw / Reverse 16Edited line
The excerpt preserves lacunae instead of reconstructing missing words.
Edition: KAJ 118 / CDLI P282131 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- KAJ 247: workers and a temple account / Top edge 12Edited line
- textual method
Queried reading
Also indexed as: editorial question mark, uncertain reading
A scholarly question mark records uncertainty in a sign or interpretation; it is not a verified alternative translation.
Object and line references (2)
- Billa 30: barley obligations at Shibaniba / Obverse 5Edited line
The edited phrase carries a query mark signalling that the particular sign reading remains uncertain.
Edition: Billa 30 / CDLI P282711 / Source publication - MARV 10, 07: palace footwear and a hostage / Reverse 8Edited line
The journey or campaign wording remains editorially uncertain.
Edition: MARV 10, 07 / StAT 5, 07 / CDLI P282957 / Source publication
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (0)
No biblical correspondence is claimed.
- Billa 30: barley obligations at Shibaniba / Obverse 5Edited line
- textual method
Asshur in Genesis
Also indexed as: Asshur, Genesis 10
A biblical place and ancestry reference used as a textual comparison, not a dated thirteenth-century administrative tablet.
Object and line references (0)
No physical-object link is asserted.
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (2)
- Genesis 10:8-12Biblical text / different source genre
Genesis provides the primary biblical wording about Asshur and named cities; historical geography is a separate inquiry.
- Genesis 10:22Biblical text / different source genre
Genesis also lists Asshur in a genealogy; the text does not supply Middle Assyrian archive dates.
- Genesis 10:8-12Biblical text / different source genre
- person
Jehu of Israel
A named king in 2 Kings and a subject of an Assyrian royal monument; not recorded on any of the nine Middle Assyrian tablets.
Object and line references (0)
No physical-object link is asserted.
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (1)
- 2 Kings 9:1-13Biblical text / different source genre
The biblical accession account is primary for its own narrative; the Black Obelisk independently refers to tribute.
- 2 Kings 9:1-13Biblical text / different source genre
- person
Sargon II
Also indexed as: Sargon
A king named in Isaiah's account of Ashdod; a later Neo-Assyrian ruler, not a Middle Assyrian administrative participant.
Object and line references (0)
No physical-object link is asserted.
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (1)
- Isaiah 20:1-6Biblical text / different source genre
Isaiah 20 describes the king and Ashdod as part of a prophetic account.
- Isaiah 20:1-6Biblical text / different source genre
- person
Hezekiah of Judah
Biblical ruler compared with Sennacherib's annals; do not substitute Middle Assyrian receipt tablets as evidence for his reign.
Object and line references (0)
No physical-object link is asserted.
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (1)
- 2 Kings 18:13-17Biblical text / different source genre
Kings narrates Judah's conflict with Assyria; interpretation requires comparison with separately dated sources.
- 2 Kings 18:13-17Biblical text / different source genre
- place
Samaria
A biblical account of the later Assyrian crisis and deportations, not a reference to the Middle Assyrian city guard receipts.
Object and line references (0)
No physical-object link is asserted.
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (2)
- 2 Kings 17:3-6Biblical text / different source genre
Kings describes Shalmaneser, Hoshea and Samaria in the northern kingdom's crisis.
- 2 Kings 17:24Biblical text / different source genre
Kings separately describes later population resettlement.
- 2 Kings 17:3-6Biblical text / different source genre
- practice
Deportation and resettlement
Also indexed as: exile, resettlement
An important later Neo-Assyrian biblical and historical topic that must not be conflated with a Middle Assyrian hostage or work allocation.
Object and line references (0)
No physical-object link is asserted.
Research chapters (2)
Biblical reading (1)
- 2 Kings 17:6Biblical text / different source genre
The biblical text names deportation destinations following Samaria's fall.
- 2 Kings 17:6Biblical text / different source genre
No matching curated term. Try another phrase or category.
A reading route, not a completed review.
These relationships do not verify Akkadian sign restorations, prove shared ancient identities or claim that a biblical report and an Assyrian object document the identical event. The existing text comparison collection and object dossiers show precisely where edited lines are available or still missing. Visit the Evidence Register for the claim-review queue and editorial review limitations.